Less than four years after it reopened to the public, one of Scotland’s major visitor attractions is sending its star asset out on loan.

Salvador Dali’s iconic Christ of St John of the Cross, the most famous painting in Glasgow’s museums and galleries, will leave the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum for a five-month trip to the US.

The painting, bought along with the copyright to its image by the city in 1952, will be at the centre of a major Dali exhibition at the High Museum in Atlanta, Georgia.

It was revealed last week that the Atlanta museum is also to stage a major display of Italian paintings from the collections of the National Galleries of Scotland later this year.

The Dali will be absent from the Kelvingrove from August 7 this year until January 2, 2011. When it returns, the masterpiece will be hung in a different spot.

The painting currently hangs in a corner at the end of a long first floor gallery: a position that has attracted criticism and can lead to congestion in the museum as people gather to look at what is probably the institution’s leading art exhibit.

No details of its new position have been released, but it will “better reflect the position of the painting as one of the star exhibits of the Kelvingrove”, a source said.

Glasgow will receive a fee of £25,000 for the loan and, because the city owns the painting’s copyright, is expecting to earn revenue from merchandising sales on its trip to the southern state. Culture and Sport Glasgow, which runs the city’s museums and galleries, also hopes to learn more about the painting when it comes under expert curatorial eyes at the High Museum.

Bailie Liz Cameron, the chair of CSG, said: “Christ of St John of the Cross will be the star attraction at this major exhibition in one of the United States’ most important cultural institutions. In exchange for loaning one of our cultural gems, we will learn more about this outstanding work and look forward to its return, when it will be hung elsewhere in Kelvingrove, allowing its majesty to be truly appreciated.”

The Atlanta exhibition will focus on the late works of Dali and will be built around a group of significant oil paintings and other works from the Salvador Dali Museum in St Petersburg, Florida, with additional paintings from private lenders and institutions including New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art and Museum of Modern Art, the Fundacio Gala-Salvador Dali, which manages a series of museums and collections, and other museums in Europe, Japan and the USA.

For its journey across the Atlantic, the Dali will be packed in a high-specification case with environmental controls, paid for by the High Museum.

Although the Christ may seem to be a permanent fixture in Glasgow galleries, it has been out on loan 10 times since 1951, but only once since 1980, when it appeared at the National Gallery in London in 2000.

Dr Ellen McAdam, the acting head of Glasgow Museums, said: “We’re delighted to be working with the High and look forward to developing a lasting relationship which will be very beneficial to both parties.”

“While the Dali is away, we will not be short of attractions at Kelvingrove. The landmark Glasgow Boys exhibition opens in April, showcasing the largest ever retrospective of their works, and we welcome Titian’s Diana and Acteon in July.

“We’re also working in partnership with the National Galleries and National Museums on other significant loans, which we hope will bring other masterpieces to Glasgow.”

But the loan has not pleased everyone. Julian Spalding, art critic and former director of Glasgow’s galleries and museums, said lending the Dali out for £25,000 amounted to “prostituting art”. He said: “I am not against museums earning money from the richness of their collections, but earning money from the stars is a different sort of matter.

“The Louvre lent to Atlanta, but they lent stuff that was basically from their stores. They didn’t lend the Mona Lisa.”